What is oligomerization?

Protein oligomerization refers to the process by which two or more protein molecules (monomers) associate to form a larger, often functional complex called an oligomer. These oligomers can be composed of identical (homooligomers) or different (heterooligomers) protein subunits. This process is critical in various biological functions and is fundamental to the structure and activity of many proteins.

How to measure oligomerization using FIDA?

An oligomerization will cause an increase in hydrodynamic radius compared to the monomer. FIDA measures hydrodynamic radius, that it can detect this change. Moreover, as Fida is a first principle technique the expected size of the monomer can be predicted with either the molecular weight of the protein or a given structure available. A size larger than the predicted monomer would indicate oligomerization, which can be validated by diluting the sample and measuring again. If the size of the diluted sample decreases oligomerization has been verified. If a titration of the protein of interest is performed the oligomerization Kd can be determined.